Choosing the correct combination of a motor and a gearbox for a given application is very important, both in the first robotics competition frc and in actual engineering projects. The treatment throughout the handbook is practical with very little emphasis on theory. The synchronous electrical generator also called alternator belongs to the. Preface this book is a primer for engineers learning to design electric machines using speed and motorcad. Rather than motor design, their chief concerns lie with the selection, system installation, operation and performance evaluation of. The motor has the toque to move our vehicle, is specifically made for electric vehicles, and has a dual shaft for accessory mounting. Ac motors are widely used to drive machinery for a wide variety of applications. A 36 slot 10 pole interior permanent magnet design example is used throughout the analysis. The electric machines have been applied to the industrial and commercial areas for several decades. If you happen to have a string of blinking christmas lights to use as a prop in illustrating a rotating magnetic field, this would be a good thing to show your students. The principle of an ac motor is that electric current is applied to electromagnets, creating a rotating magnetic field to convert electrical energy to rotation mechanical energy. Magnets are buried inside the rotor in two layer v arrangement. Single phase series motor, theory of operation performance and application, shcrage motor, universal motor. Initially the notes included threewire electric power, including standard circuit theory.
The high performance of control and fast dynamic response of electric machines can be achieved via motor drive because of high development of semiconductors such as the microcontroller and power transistors. Describe how a squirrel cage motor is built, and classify it as either an induction motor or a synchronous motor. This book will allow engineers and designers to marry the technologies they know about with motor technology, and hence to incorporate motors into their products. The rotor magnetic field may be produced by permanent magnets, reluctance. We not only talk about different type of motors but we also see how different motors work under different conditions. Motoroperated valves course manual theory of mov design basis operation usnrc technical training center 31 0510 3. The project aims to cosimulate a selected linear motor.
The concept of the rotating magnetic field is central to ac motor theory, so it is imperative that students grasp this concept before moving on to more advanced concepts. This video content about the information of 24 slot, 4 pole, 1500 rpm, 3 phase induction motor winding design. You should also make a dc measurement of stator winding linetoline resistance using a dmm. It is responsible for delivering mechanical energy by using electric. In general, the induction motor is cheaper and easier to maintain compared to other alternatives. The working principle is the same as that of its rotary counterpart. In a brushless motor, when electricity is applied across the motor termination, a current flows through a fixed stator field and is interacting with a moving permanent magnet or a moving induced magnetic field inside a rotor armature. An introduction to electric motors stmicroelectronics. The phase relation between the rotor and stator magnetic field i. He has 20 years of consulting experience with dupont. It comprehensively presents vehicle performance, configuration, control strategy, design. The twoday event will bring together engineers and researchers working on emachine design to learn about technological developments, share best practice and discuss their. The induction motor is made up of the stator, or stationary windings, and the rotor. Use a screwdriver to pry open the tabs on the brush pads.
During the infancy of the automobile, electric and gasoline vehicles competed for dominance. So d2ln volume x speed s11k w b g ac get s from shaft output power hp or kw, efficiency and power factor. The limits of the sizing equation used in the design wasovercomebyfea, whichincreasedaccuracy, sotheresultingmotor. Electromagnetic, thermal and mechanical performance aspects are considered and modern cad tools are utilised throughout the methodology. To understand how these motors operate, a knowledge of the basic theory of operation of ac motors is necessary. Explain how this motor can be operated as either a synchronous motor or a plain induction motor.
The design of motor drive for brushless dc motor intechopen. He has 15 years of experience with yes as an electric motor designer, electric motor tester, and software developer. Try to bend the tabs as little as possible to avoid damaging them. Alternating current motors or ac motors are built on the principle that nikola tesla discovered in the late 19th century. Pdf on jul 4, 20, jf gieras and others published permanent magnet motor. This master thesis is completed at electrical machines and motion control, abb corporate. Rotates a number of degrees with each electric pulse. At least one of the two magnetic field is generated by a solenoid carrying a current. However, there are also other types of motors that utilize electrostatic forces or piezoelectric effect. Electric motors objectives after studying this unit, the student will be able to state the purpose of an electric motor. What is common to all the members of this family is that the basic physical process involved in their operation is the conversion. Backed by 150 years of experience, simotics motors are unrivaled when it comes to reliability, ruggedness, compactness, efficiency, and performance.
An introduction to electrical motors basics course description. The motor is mounted in a test rig that allows one to control the torque applied to the motor shaft and to measure both rpm and torque. Simotics industrial electric motors provide you with the optimum solution for every application. B g specific magnetic loading ac specific electric loading select b g from experience limited by losses in the teeth and magnetizing current. The electrical design areas of a universal motor are the magnetic.
The theory used in the work was collected by studying literature on how electrical motors work, and by simplifying the explanations to suit the intended reader. An ac motor is an electric motor driven by an alternating current ac. Take the ac motor theory ac electric circuits worksheet. Frustaglio is a member of mcma, and is a contributor to the handbook of small electric motors. This course is intended to prepare the target persons with the ability to understand and recognize different types, components, theory of operation and applications of all electrical motors. K m is useful when selecting a motor size or changing a. An electric motor is an electrical machine that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. The book deals with the fundamentals, theory, and design of conventional cars with internal combustion engines ices, electric vehicles evs, hybrid electric vehicles hevs, and fuel cell vehicles fcvs.
In an electric vehicle the traditional gasoline or diesel engine and fuel tank is replaced. Wedge the tip of a flatblade screwdriver underneath the thin metal tabs, then pull up gently on the handle to lift them enough to loosen the coiled wire. What is common to all the members of this family is that the basic. It is logical that the least expensive, lowest maintenance type motor should be used most often. The alternating current ac induction motor is one of the most rugged and most widely used machines in industry. It is true that single phase motors are less efficient substitute for 3phase motors but 3phase power is normally.
This research aims for an electric motor that is suitable for electric vehicle application. The field windings of a series motors are connected in series with the armature windings. Practical electric motor handbook pdf by irving m gottlieb. During continuous operations, the motor can be loaded up to the rated torque.
He is a registered professional engineer in the state of. The ac motor commonly consists of two basic parts, an outside stator having coils supplied with alternating current to produce a rotating magnetic field, and an inside rotor attached to the output shaft producing a second rotating magnetic field. Design of electric motors, generators, and drive systems. On some motors, there may be as many as 1216 tabs in total. This course focuses on the analysis and design of electric motors, generators, and drive systems, placing special emphasis on the design of machines for electric drives, including traction drives, drive motors for automated manufacturing robots, material handling and drive motors for automotive, aircraft and marine propulsion systems. Electric motor design of general motors chevrolet bolt. Principle of operation electric motors run by electromagnetism. The text that was researched and compiled contains explanations of the motor parts, theory about electromagnetism and how current is used to make an electrical motor rotate. Record all nameplate information for the induction motor. Other members of the family are the directcurrent dc motor or generator, the induction motor or generator, and a number of derivatives of all these three. A third optimization is presented with optimization at. Moreover, we also discuss about various factors that affect working of these motors and reliable ways to improve.
Fundamentals of electric motor design motion control online. As discussed earlier, in a bldc motor, the torque remains constant for a speed range up to the rated speed. Introduction an electric car is an alternative design automobile that uses an electric motor to power the car, with the electricity being provided by a battery. Most electric motors operate through the interaction between the motors magnetic field and electric current in a wire winding to generate force in the form of torque applied on the motors shaft. An evaluation of the operation of a motoroperated gate valve begins with two simple questions.
Definition and development of servo technology drive engineering practical implementation servo technology 7 1. For those experienced in engineering design, this is the guide to electric motors. This book, therefore, targets the large body of workers engineers and students reasonably versed in engineering concepts who feel the need for practical insights relating to electric motors. Further information and full design support can be found at. Most electric motors operate through the interaction between the motor s magnetic field and electric current in a wire winding to generate force in the form of torque applied on the motor s shaft. The handbook contains a wide array of topics and each topic is written by an authority on the subject. Why spend time choosing the right motor and gearbox.
Induction motor theory jerry bednarczyk, pe course content introduction the ac induction motor is well suited to applications requiring constant speed operation. The handbook of electric power calculationsprovides detailed stepbystep calculation procedures commonly encountered in electrical engineering. A brushless motor model is developed and coupled with the propeller theory in an optimizer. Barwound construction, which gm has adopted for most of its electric and hybrid vehicle motor construction, is known to provide high slot fill, short endturn length, improved thermal performance, and improved vehicle efficiency especially at low to medium speed ranges. An engineering guide to ac and dc motor designs and operation. Design of conventional permanent magnet synchronous motor. The design of ac permanent magnet motors for electric. Electric machine design using speed and motorcad, by t. A barwound stator construction, similar to chevrolet spark battery electric vehicle, is implemented in chevrolet bolt bev. Electric motors can be powered by direct current dc sources, such as from batteries, motor vehicles. He is the ongoing software developer and software trainer of yes software, an electric motor design tool.
This word was appropriate when servo drives were only used as auxiliary drives for. Threephase induction motor singlephase induction motor there are probably more singlephase ac induction motors in use today than the total of all the other types put together. The most popular type is the 3phase, squirrelcage ac induction motor. Typical motor technical specification for a complete list of parameters. Afpm motor dimensions, before fea is applied, for permanentmagnet skewing, accuracy enhancing, and the desired electric motor parameters. The chevrolet bolt bev electric machine rotor design optimizes the magnet placement betwe. The output torque of an electrical motor depends on the intensity of the. The electric motor operation is based on the following points. Brushless dc motor bldc and permanent magnet ac synchronous motors drives have many. Electric car, design theory, nd2fe14b, pmsm, surface pm rotor.
Ac and dc motor designs and operations are explained in this article. Apr 14, 2018 this video content about the information of 24 slot, 4 pole, 1500 rpm, 3 phase induction motor winding design. This article will serve as a comprehensive guide for articles related to ac and dc motors. A universal motor is a singlephase series motor, which is able to run on either alternating current ac or direct current dc and the characteristics are similar for both ac and dc.
The 12 pole motor is the most common configuration, and it produces a speed of 1800rpm. We are delighted to announce that motor design ltds inaugural european motorcad user conference will take place on the 20th21st february 2019, in birmingham, uk. In addition, there is an energysaving drive highefficiency magnetic motor ipm for further energy saving. This portable document format \pdf\ file contains bookmarks, thumbnails, and hyperlinks to help you navigate through the document. A very common design of ac motor is the socalled squirrel cage motor. A permanent magnet synchronous motor pmsm motor is used to design the propulsion system of gms chevrolet bolt battery electric vehicle bev. Electric motors and drives is intended for non specialist users of electric motors and drives, filling the gap between maths and theory based academic textbooks and the more prosaic handbooks, which provide useful detail but little opportunity for the development of real insight and understanding.
Based on the same principle, a brushed dc motor can have a stator with. Electric motors for machines and mechanisms mit fab lab. Massachusetts institute of technology department of electrical engineering and computer science 6. Two single point optimizations are made, one for a climb condition and the other for a cruise condition.
The singlephase ac induction motor best fits this description. Text headings in each module are linked to and f\ rom the table of contents for that module. The modules listed in the overview are linked to the corresponding pages. Motor speed relationship the synchronous speed of an ac motor is the speed of the rotating magnetic field set up by the stator winding synchronous speed rpm 120 x frequency divided by the number of poles.
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